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Freedoms of the Air Industry |
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The world air industry was an
early implementation of the 'globalisation' trend that has swept the world,
although not with equal success, |
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That said, it is only because way back in the
annals of history that some visionaries realised that some rules were required,
which was the intent of the Chicago Convention, convened in 1944. |
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These 'rules' are really exceptions of rules,
hence the use of the term 'freedom'. They are fundamental to the international
route network we enjoy today.
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They are called the 'freedoms of the air', and
There are five basic freedoms recognized by all countries, two others less
widely accepted, and one hardly accepted at all. |
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Each is subject to specific conditions, such as
establishing the frequency of flights, that are determined through bilateral
agreements between any two of the countries that are parties to the Convention.
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First Freedom |
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The right to fly and carry traffic over the
territory of another partner to the agreement without landing. |
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(Almost all countries are partners to the Convention but some have observed this
freedom better than others. When the Korean airliner, the famed Flight 007 (1988
August 29), 'lost'
its way over Soviet air space a few years ago and was shot down, the Soviet
Union violated this First Freedom and many other accepted conventions.) Search the subject on
Google.
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Second Freedom |
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The right to land in those countries for
technical reasons such as refueling without emplaning or deplaning passengers.
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Third Freedom |
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The right to land in those countries and deplane
passengers coming from the airline’s own country.
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Fourth Freedom |
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The right to land in those countries and board
passengers going to the airline’s own country.
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Fifth Freedom |
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The right to land in those countries and deplane
or emplane passengers going to or coming from a third country. An example would
be a flight from the U.S. to the United Kingdom that is going on to France.
Traffic could be picked up in England and taken to France.
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Sixth Freedom |
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The right to carry traffic from one state through
the home country to a third state. Example: traffic from the United Kingdom
coming to the U.S. on a U.S. airline and then going on to Canada on the same
airline.
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Seventh Freedom |
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The right to carry traffic from one state to a
third state without going through the home country. Example would be traffic
from the United Kingdom going to Canada on a U.S. airline flight that does not stop in the U.S. on the
way.
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Eighth Freedom |
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This is called cabotage and very few countries permit it. It
would be an airline like British Airways operating flights between Chicago and
Memphis with emplaning and deplaning rights at either point. |
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In larger countries such as Canada or the US
carriers will stop at several points to either emplane or deplane passengers but
none of these passengers can do both within such a country. |
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